Monday, March 16, 2020
Gender roles in The Color Purple Research Paper Example
Gender roles in The Color Purple Research Paper Example Gender roles in The Color Purple Paper Gender roles in The Color Purple Paper Essay Topic: The Color Purple Alice Walker in her novel The Color Purple illustrates a parallel between the gender roles of women in the early 20th century and Black slavery through the life of Celie and her interactions with Albert, as well as with Netties experiences in Africa with the Olinka tribe. Similarities reign with this book and slavery in two instances: one, Celie and some of the other womens slave-like labor that Albert and other men force them to do and two, the treatment of the women in the Olinka tribe. Celie constantly has to obey Albert, who she refers to as Mr.Ã for most of the novel, performing many of the jobs assigned to women during the time period as well as labor in the field. Her role in society directly correlates with the gender roles of the women of America and the Olinka tribe causing a conclusion to be made that many women were most always subordinate to men until the Womens Rights Movement. In the early 20th century, female subordination and gender roles existed all across America. These ideals presented themselves both in the South and the North although they slightly differed between the two. : Women in the South served as companions and hostesses for their husbands and mothers for their children. Their lives were generally centered around the home. Southern women on wealthy plantations became ornaments for their husbands often called plantation mistresses (Brinkley 379). George Fitzhugh, a Southern social theorist, says about Southern women, Women, like children, have but one right, and that is the right to protection. The right to protection involves the obligation to obey. (Brinkley 379). Fitzhugh states that because women are entitled to protection and all the benefits of the womens sphere, they therefore, are not entitled to govern themselves and are required to obey the husbands commands. The husbands protection authorizes him to control the actions and the entire life of his wife. Nearly a quarter of all white Southern women over 20 years old were illiterate and had little if any experience with schooling. If a Southern woman attended the little schooling that was available to her, she was generally limited to training designed to make her a more suitable wife (Brinkley 379-380). Many Southern women were left with virtually no chance of succeeding outside of their designated role as the husbands maid. In addition, women who lived on the farm normally had little contact with people outside their families; and therefore, were limited to jobs centered on the farm such as spinning, weaving, agricultural tasks, and in the time of slavery, supervising slaves (Brinkley 379). Southern women were confined to their set gender roles in a society that was dominated by males. Many of the Northern women lived by the same ideals as Southern women; however, their circumstances were often different than those of the South. Women in the North generally did not live on farms and if they did, it was only in a very rare case. This was cause for a difference with the roles that Northern women played in the home. Since they did not perform the same tasks as on the farm, their jobs were more domestic and occurred in a more urban society. Women were defined in their sphere as custodians of morality and benevolence; the home that women were confined to was simply a refuge from the harsh and competitive world (Brinkley 358). Like Southern women, Northern women were also responsible for child rearing. They were required to provide moral and religious instruction to their children in order to counterbalance the acquisitive, secular impulses of their husbands (Brinkley 358). As a result, this was one cause for jobs outside the home although they were still few. Women began to congregate towards occupations such as teachers and nurses because they coincided with the standards of the females sphere making use of a womens virtues (Brinkley 358). Many of the lower-class women also became servants for middle class homes to meet the needs of widowed womens unemployment (Brinkley 359). However different the North and the South were, they showed striking similarities in the way women were treated. Male dominance resided over both societies as well as the virtues of females and their requirements to work at the home. Virtually everywhere, women were limited to the few opportunities that were available to them. Many of the characters in The Color Purple act as the stereotype of women during this time period. The most obvious of these characters is Celie mainly with her relationship with Albert. In the novel, Celie says, Mr. _____ marry me to take care of his children. I marry him cause my daddy made me. I dont love Mr. _____ and he dont love me. (66). Celie plays the role of a child-raising wife for her husband, one of the main female gender roles of the early 20th century. Like many of the women all across the country, her main job is to serve the needs of her husband. Once more in the book, Celie tells Harpo, Alberts son, to aid her with yard work. Harpo responds harshly, Women work. Im a man. (22). Walker uses Harpo to tell the reader that the general idea for women is to work. The reader can infer that the majority of the people in this time period think of women as workers in the home. Later, Mr. ______ asks Harpo if he has ever hit his wife, Sofia. Harpo says that he has not and Mr. ______ responds, Well how you spect to make her mind? Wives is like children. You have to let em know who got the upper hand. Nothing can do that better than a good sound beating. (37). According to Celies husband, wives are supposed to serve however they are needed and if they do not, they are due harsh treatment. According to Mr. ______ and probably most other men in the early 20th century, men are considered to be better than women and are supposed to have the upper hand. The women of Africa and the Olinka tribe had very similar roles to women of the same time period in America however different or extreme they seemed to be. Miss Beasley, one of Netties teachers, describes Africa as a place overrun with savages who didnt wear clothes. (137). She portrays Africa as a dirty place, foreshadowing a place where subordination would exist. This statement is somewhat true to the clothes that women in the Olinka tribe wear. Nettie, while on her mission trip to Africa and the Olinka tribe, comments on the clothes worn by the Olinka women, then I took a look at the dresses they were wearing. Most looked like theyd been drug across the yard by pigs. (157). From this information, it is possible to infer that women in this African tribe were not cared for as well as possibly others relating to the way women were treated in America. Olinka women also had separate jobs than men. The men might hunt up to ten miles around the village, but the women stayed close to their huts and fields. (157). Women in the Olinka tribe, were required to stay close to the standards of women in their society and not venture out in to the open. They were limited to the work defined to women by their customs, much like the women in America also. Many of the young girls in the tribe were required to receive the standard tribal markings, particularly scarring and cutting tribal marks on ones face. Women also went through a female initiation ceremony to induct them into the womens separate society (245).
Friday, February 28, 2020
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ADOPTING A GERMAN SOFTWARE FRANCHISE IN Dissertation
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF ADOPTING A GERMAN SOFTWARE FRANCHISE IN BULGARIA A case study of ALLSAT - Dissertation Example CHAPTER III - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Philosophy Research philosophy is the conviction concerning the approach to collect, analyse and use data for a particular subject of concern (H. J. Rubin and I. S. Rubin, 2012; Abbott, 2010; Blaxter, Hughe and Tight, 2006). There are two major research philosophies namely positivism and interpretivism. Positivism philosophy is regarded as the philosophy of research preferring scientific methods of research. On the other hand interpretivism is considered as anti-positivism and hence they do not believe in scientific research. According to Tobin and Joseph (2006) and Mukherji and Albon, 2009; Ashwin, 2011) the researchers believing in the philosophy of positivism also believes that the reality in which everything exists is stable in nature and it can be articulated from an objective point of view (Guba and Lincoln, 2005; City University of Hong Kong, 2011). A researcher believing in positivism philosophy believes that it is sensible to colle cting statistical information and thus considers quantitative methodology. On the other hand, according to Hinkel (2005) a researcher who believes in interpretivism philosophy or phenomenological philosophy deems that the behaviour of the human being is the outcome of their perception about the circumstances (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009; Wimmer & Dominick, 2011). Interpretivism encompasses a number of specific and focused movements which facilitates a detailed study since the collection of data moves beyond the predetermined categories that are present in deductive research approach (Cooper, 2012, p. 17). For this method of research a strong insight and potential to reflection is necessary for curving out important patterns of information from ââ¬Å"a body of observationsâ⬠(Babbie, 2010, p. 51). An interpretivist tries to gain in-depth insights interpretation and perception about the people and how they see the world around us. They believe that instead of collecting statistical information about the subject of concern, it is judicious to collect in-depth views of the participants. As a result of that, researchers who believe in interpretivism philosophy consider qualitative research to address the area of concern. This study is aimed to evaluate the impact of adopting a German software franchise in Bulgaria and thus it requires collection of qualitative data, hence interpretivism philosophy is appropriate for the study. Research Approach Generally two methods are used for conducting the research and establish the reasoning behind why such approach of research has been adopted. These two approaches of research are the inductive approach and the deductive approach. These two research paradigms follow two different approaches towards research and several researchers have discussed these approaches in light of different perspectives (Hussey and Hussey, 1997; Bryman and Bell, 2007; Ghauri and Gronhaug, 2010; Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2009). Ded uctive Research Deductive research refers to an approach to research in which the researcher chooses a theoretical assumption to test it through the process of research and establish its validity. The researcher begins her task by studying the theory. Then she generates a hypothesis
Wednesday, February 12, 2020
Economic effects on high school media centers (libraries) Dissertation - 1
Economic effects on high school media centers (libraries) - Dissertation Example Rather, there are some who fail to see the importance of having an updated, fully functional library in every school which hopes to produce the minds that will further develop the world. This factor has been a major downfall for the system, as each economic recession in these areas costs these high school media centers a significant portion of their funding. It is significant to study the numerous ways in which a recession can affect the functioning of the world. This is because the severity of a recession can be very pertinent to the quality of life in an economy, as it affects several aspects of the economy. As research shows, the effects of a recession are apparent in several important economic indicators, such as real personal income, retail sale and food services, industrial production and employment (Gascon, 2009). All these indicators show different ways in which the health of an economy can be measured. Exploring some other indicators, which are perhaps not so commonly used t o measure the wellbeing of an economy, may help give a deeper perspective on how the economy functions and affects people on an individual level. To understand the impact of an economic recession on the use and funding of library resources serves the purpose of such an indicator. This is because this factor represents an important way in which the community helps the youth develop intellectually and gain information on their own. Thus, measuring the effects on this factor following a recession indicates how much the youthââ¬â¢s education is impacted by a recession-stricken economy. If research proves a strong link between the two variables, this signals the need for the government and other authorities to monitor the effects of future recessions carefully so that they do not lead to irrecoverable damage. Effect on Role of Media Centers and Technicians The role of the media specialists of such libraries observes a notable effect in times of economic recession. According to some ex perts (n.d., 2010), their role becomes increasingly important in when an economic recession strikes a place like Georgia. This is because media centers such as the ones found in high schools or the ones open for the public are traditionally available to everyone as a free source of information, through the access of books, magazines, newspaper archives, CDs and other types of media. Thus, when people feel the negative effects of recessions and budget cuts, they approach these libraries for help (n.d., 2010). This can be to look for more sources of employment, to study further and gain further education or to try applying for a job with the civil services. These libraries are an immense help to such people. They are greatly helpful in assisting them in applying for jobs online, as well as finding study material for civil service exams. These libraries are also known for the help they offer these people in making their resumes, as well as obtaining further education which will be requ ired for other jobs. Thus, it is true that these US libraries serve a very important purpose for their citizens, especially in their times of need, which is
Friday, January 31, 2020
Consumer Driven Health Plans and Health Savings Accounts Essay
Consumer Driven Health Plans and Health Savings Accounts - Essay Example ible Spending Accounts such as tax benefits to employees and employers, a portable health program, an attractive incentive program and an affordable approach to health care. They are preferable to other options because they offer portability and are less limited or risk-laden than the HSA. However, they do require a high deductible health plan. In determining the best type of health plan to offer our employees, the option of Health Savings Accounts presented itself as being the best choice for our company situation as a small but growing firm. This paper describes what a Health Savings Account is, addresses the most unique advantages it has to offer with particular emphasis on the advantages offered to small companies and compares this type of program with other consumer driven health plans available. In addition, the disadvantages of Health Savings Accounts are discussed, common questions are posed with answers provided by the Department of Treasury and consumer feedback is offered. A Health Savings Account (HSA), an example of a consumer-driven health plan, offers a distinct alternative to the way in which we work with traditional health insurance programs such as Health Maintenance Organizations (HMO) or Preferred Provider Organizations (PPO). One of the greatest advantages of HSAs is that they offer tax breaks that continue to grow wealthier because consumers decide for themselves how to spend less. Patients pay for a greater share of their health care directly and are given more control over the money in their HSA than they would have in more traditional plans. These plans are contingent on the use of a high-deductible health insurance plan that meets specific criteria, which functions to lower costs for employers as well as premiums for employees. Decisions on what types of investments to make with the money are made by the individual consumers without relying on a third party employer relations expert or a health insurer. In addition, each person
Thursday, January 23, 2020
Jim Morrison and Susan Sontag :: History
Jim Morrison and Susan Sontag Jim Morrison is the lead singer of the classic rock and roll band "The Doors". Jim Morrison not only was the lead vocalist in the famous sixties band, he was also the writer of most but not all of The Doors songs and the author of many poems. Susan Sontag is an accomplished author. Some of Susan Sontag's works include essays, reviews, editing, novels and short stories. Although at first Jim Morrison and Susan Sontag appear to have nothing or very little in common, both because of Jim Morrison's main influence coming from author Friedrich Nietzsche, who believed in existentialism (a body of ethical thought centering about the uniqueness and isolation of individual experiences in a universe indifferent or even hostile to man, regarding human existence as unexplainable, and emphasizing man's freedom of choice and responsibility for the consequences of his acts), and Susan Sontag's writings following a style of existentialism, both Jim Morrison and Susan Sontag's works focus constantly on relating the message of placing blame on oneself in order to obtain a more perfect soul. Born James Douglas Morrison on December 8 1843 in Melbourne Florida to parents Steve and Clara Morrison(Hopkins, Sugerman 5). A few months after the birth of Jim Morrison, Jim's father Steve and his mine layer were sent off to fight in World War Two. For the next three years Jim's mother Clara, was forced to raise Jim with only the help of sympathizing relatives who believed in ideas such as "Children should be seen and not heard ... Ignore something unpleasant and it will go away... "(Hopkins, Sugerman 5). This constant barrage of negativity may have been one of the first factors leading to Jim's beliefs in existentialism. The way in which the negativity lead to Jim's belief is that through the constant attack, Jim began to feel as if he were responsible for all of the mishaps occurring in the family. This feelings that Jim had, showed his first signs of becoming an existentialist, because feelings of responsibility are one of the common characteristics of many existentialist authors, musicians and artists. A second event in Jim Morrison's life, that may have been a reason for Jim becoming a existentialist occurred while Steve Morrison, Jim's father, was driving through New Mexico when "They [The Morrison Family] came upon an overturned truck, and saw injured and dying Pueblo Indians lying where they had been thrown on the asphalt" (Hopkins, Sugerman 6).
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Nina Simone
Nina Simone was one of the most powerful singers of not only her time, but of all time. Her music made people think, change and copy. In her music, she made contributions to the civil rights movement. She used and touched so many genres of music from Jazz all the way to modern day rap She had influenced countless artists and passed without any acknowledgment or fanfare deserving of such an amazing arust. Eunice Kathleen waymon was born February 21, 1933, In Tyron North Carolina.She was an especially brilliant and talented child. Eunice picked up music very easily and even as a small child after hearing a hymn only once could sing it perfectly. She was able to play plano by ear at age two and a half. she was the regular planlst every Sunday at church by age five. at this age she was compared to Mozart. After seeing the talent in such a young child an older German lady, Muriel Massinovitch offered to teach young Eunice. Mrs. Masslnovltch, fearrd her pupil would soon surpass her as by a ge eight she could decipher musical scores, read and write music.Eunice awoke even more with the classical composer, such as Bach,â⬠Bach made me dedicate my ite to musicâ⬠. Eunice had her first brush with segregation at an early age ot twelve. Mrs Massinovitch was so proud of her talents she organized a recital to show of Eunice talents. Her parents very proudly sat in the first row; however, before the recital started a white couple approached them for their seats. As was the law back then the Waymon's got up to move, at that point Eunice stated in front of everyone she would not play If they were made to move.The white couple sat elsewhere and her parents visibly embarrassed took their seats and watched Eunice play.. After this Eunice would say later looking back, ââ¬Å"All of the sudden it seemed a dfferent world graduating In 1950 at the top of her class applied to the Curtis Institute. She received a letter in 1954 stating that they had rejected her. There is specul ation that it was because she was a women and because she was a black woman. whatever the reason an all white male jury had rejected Eunice this plagued her through her life.. Eunice changed her name to Nina Simone after playing a club in Philadelphia in1954. he got the Job to play plano her true love and was told by the manager she would ing or be out of a job thus her stage persona was borm She took the name Nina meaning ââ¬Å"little oneâ⬠she said was nickname from a former lover and Simone for Simone Slgnoret In casque d'Or. Nina married her manager Andy Stroud In 1901 and gave birth to daughter Lisa in 1962 She worked hard to support her family and endured abuse from her husband. Stroud controlled every aspect of Nina's life and career. She was hospitalized several times tor exhaustion.Andy told her that too many people relied on her so she couldn't take a break and wouldnt even allow her to breast feed their daughter. It Is suspected that Nina had begun to have a mental Imoalance or a m Olsoraer around IYO/ out tnls was not connrmea. Nlna's songs were classified as Jazz, blues, gospel and even later r&b. All she has ever wanted to do was play classical piano and consider any other music as inferior. Nina got involved in the civil rights movement and her songs became anthems for not only the civil right movement but for the emerging feminist movement.Her song ââ¬Å"Mississippi Goddamâ⬠was written after she heard about four black girls that were killed going to church by a bomb in Alabama. The songs lyrics are ââ¬Å"Alabama's got me so upset. Tennessee made me lose my rest. / But everybody knows about Mississippi Goddam/ Hound dogs on my trail/ schoolchildren sitting in Jail/ Black cat across my path/ I think every day ââ¬Ës going to be my last. â⬠The last lines are mfou don't have to live next to me/Just give me my equality. â⬠Most radio stations refuse to play the song.The song sold well except in the south where it was boyco tted and censored. Some retailers return the record to the distributors after breaking each record in two. Although most of Nina's music chronicles the fight for equal rights and racial njustice her song ââ¬Å"Four Womenâ⬠, not only spoke to the civil right movement but to feminist groups fighting for equal right for women. The song talks about one daughter being born out of a rape of a slave and many black stations banned the song. They considered the song,â⬠an insult to black women. Nina made sure to continue to fight for both causes not only in her music but she also cancelled tour dates to participate in protest concerts with many others most notably Langston Hughes who became one of Nina's best friends. Nina's music draws from spirituals, blues, folk, classical and even some traditional music. Many of her songs have been redone and made popular by other artist for example ââ¬Å"House of the Rising Sunâ⬠this bothered her as she felt people didn't know where th e songs came from. Although Nin's instrument was a piano she felt that her voice was the only ââ¬Å"pure instrumentâ⬠.Many of her songs may have appeared to be filled with anger but many of her songs just have soul and no anger for example ââ¬Å"l Hold No Grudgeâ⬠The words are, ââ¬Å"l hold no grudge/ There is no resentment und'neath/l'll extend the laurel wreath and we'll be friends. â⬠Brooks also calls Simone ââ¬Å"the cultural arm of the civil rightsâ⬠Nina Simone assed away April 21, 2003 in a small village in the south of France. ââ¬Å"Her death didn't cause much stir in the media European or American. It was said merely that a bad tempered but successful diva from the world of Jazz had passed away.That was about itâ⬠ââ¬Å"On May 18th 2003 the Curtis Institute of music posthumously awarded Nina an honorary diploma for her contribution to the art of music. â⬠Nina was aware of the schools plan before her death but her family accepted the ho nor for her. It almost seems like at long last Simone achieved her ultimate goal. To see what kind of mpact Nina Simone had on the world you need only look at todays popular artist from Norah Jones, Missy Elliott, Lauryn Hill and even Marilyn Manson, ââ¬Å"claim her as an influence. Her songs have been rerecorded over and over many people are fans and don't even know they are listening toa Nina Simone song. To have such a huge impact on such wide variety of artists is outstanding and hard pressed to match. I have long been a fan of Nina Simone. I myself used to be one of those saying,â⬠Oh this is a song of Nina Simone. â⬠upon hearing the song in a movie of a soundtrack. I began istening to her music and realized how unbelieving moving it is. Her songs and make you angry and then relax you in the next verse.
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Rule of St. Benedict - 1160 Words
Monasticism or monarchism is literally the act of dwelling alone. The Rule of St Benedict played an important role in Europe during the middle ages, monks were able to preserve many classical works from both the Romans and the Greeks while acting as copiers that produced books, they were the most pious of the church and acted as a model for the average person to strive for. It dignified manual labor, the rule acted as a written constitution and rule of law for most monasteries, policies could be seen as harsh by some but the overall message is built around a positive spirit of reconciliation. The Rule of St. Benedict most significant role for the development of European civilization was education. The beginning of Christian monasticism can be divided into two main types, the eremitical or solitary and the coenobitical or family type. St. Anthony may be called the founder of the purely eremitical system or hermit life style living out in the desert, while St. Pachomius was the founder of the second less solitary and more community based way of life. The rule of St. Anthony or the Antonian system left the monks way of life up to his own discretion. This contrasted the Rule of St. Pachomius who were almost all living as a community yet without the stability brought by the rule of St. Benedict. The two rules would rival each other in Egypt but wouldnââ¬â¢t become a model outside of Egypt. Then in the 4th century St. Basil changed and reordered Greek monasticism. He rejected theShow MoreRelatedThe Rule Of St. Benedict1566 Words à |à 7 Pagesas important characteristics for a perfect society to function. In The Rule of St. Benedict, Benedict clearly writes out the routines that the monks living in a monastery should participate in. He dictates what the monks should say and read at certain times of the day. He even goes as far as dictating diets, clothing, and chores. There is a clear order of authority and steps of discipline for those who make a mistake. Benedict places an Abbot at the head of every monastery. The Abbot serves as a fatherRead MoreThe Role Of Monastic And The Problem Of Christian Conversions For Pagan Societies1286 Words à |à 6 Pagesprimary writings of St. Benedict define the purpose of the monastery to spread Christianity as a source of religious power throughout Europe. More so, the role of monastic culture in Europe society defines the preservation of roman administration and culture throughout areas considered to be ââ¬Å"barbaricâ⬠, such as the German tribal kingdom along the Rhine that St. Columban describes in the Boat Song. In addition to preserving Christian society in the Roman Catholic model, the writings of St. Columba defineRead MoreThe Purpose and Practice of Monastic Vocation Essay667 Words à |à 3 PagesBenedictines Benedictines - The Benedictines are the oldest monastic order in the West, founded by St. Benedict of Nursia (c.480-543) in the 6th century. Benedict founded several monasteries, but he spent his last years at the monastery at Monte Cassino. St. Benedict creates a strict set of rules which all of the members of the order were supposed to follow. These are the rules: à · Once you have entered a monastery you must stay there until you die. à · All monks mustRead MoreEssay about The Emergence of Europe1417 Words à |à 6 Pagesreceive baptism, along with his army, in fear of defeat by the opposing German armies. 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Perhaps the best known Western monk, he segregated himself from society in about 500 A.D., and then founded his first of twelve monasteries in 529 A.D. near Rome , some of these twelve including some of the first schools for children . Benedict and Benedictine practice shaped and formed the rules, practices and codes of monastic life, known as the Rule of St. Benedict, which are still in active practice today in the BenedictineRead MoreThe English Church Exposed in Canterbury Tales Essay1113 Words à |à 5 Pagestraditional Christian rules behind and do things that are clearly forbidden in either Bible or in St. Benedict. The monk, as an example, thinks hunting and eating are the biggest fun in life. Hunters are considered unholy men because of they take killing as entrainment and pleasure. But the monk ignores that rule and even wants to convince other people to think that hunting is a holy thing. His lavish life is nowhere near the abstemious life style that is required in St. Benedict. Unfortunaly the monkRead MoreThe Role and Significance of the Monastic Life in Medieval Christianity1654 Words à |à 7 Pagesword monaches which means solitary and hermit from heremites a desert dweller. The early monks and nuns were just that: men and women who fled the worldliness of urban life and the ethos of a church that was at the time of Anthony and St. Paul and established institution of the Roman Empire. They fled to the desert to repent and seek God by prayer, fasting and hard manual labour. In the desert they practiced an aesthetical lifestyle of great poverty and extreme simplicityRead MoreThe Theory X And Theory Y985 Words à |à 4 PagesObedience mean more than the words come off. Obedience doesnââ¬â¢t just mean ââ¬Å"do what youââ¬â¢re toldâ⬠it goes more deeply to describe what you have agreed to do. When clear rules and clear expectations are set, you should abide by and follow them. At work, I have agreed to take on the role of a medical assistant. This means there are certain rules and guidelines equipped to do the job. As an employee of the organization, I am agreeing to be obedient and get the job done. The Hallmark of Discipline is meant
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